Ferraiuoli's professional career in the legal field spans state and federal litigation, international trade, corporate matters, and health-related legal issues. She has represented clients in high-profile cases, including one before the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit concerning sovereign immunity under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act. She also participated in a case before the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico that challenged the constitutionality of mandatory membership for veterinarians in professional associations. In February 2023, she represented the Puerto Rico Society of Certified Public Accountants during an oral argument before the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico, defending the mandatory membership requirements for certified public accountants.

In October 2017, she joined the office of Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner, Jenniffer González-Colón, initially as a part-time employee. In April 2019, she transitioned to a full-time role, serving as Deputy Chief of Staff and Legal Advisor. In this capacity, she provided strategic and legal guidance on federal matters affecting Puerto Rico and facilitated coordination efforts between the Island and the United States Congress.

Ferraiuoli has held prominent leadership roles, including serving as President of the Puerto Rico Chapter of the Federal Bar Association. In 2024, she was appointed Director of the Luis A. Ferré Institute of Public Policy, a key institution in developing governance strategies for Puerto Rico. In November 2024, she was a member of the government transition committee for the incoming administration.

In December 2024, Governor-elect Jenniffer González-Colón nominated Ferraiuoli as Secretary of State of Puerto Rico, and she was sworn into office on January 2, 2025. As part of the nomination process, her appointment requires the advice and consent of both the Senate and the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico.